The Trojan Triangle
Transportation Legislation Detail
The following are excerpts from Bill Clinton's 1993 speech to Westinghouse employees. The entire speech can be read HERE.
All of you here
at Westinghouse Electronic Systems Group are proof that you can make
change your friend. In 1986, just 16 percent of the work done here was
nondefense. Today, it's 27 percent. By 1995, half or more of your work
will be nondefense. What you have done here is what I wish to do
nationally: take some of the most talented people in the world who
produce some of the most sophisticated military technology and put that
to work in the civilian economy.
The military surveillance technology I have seen here can now be
used to help commercial airlines avoid wind shears. Military security
technology can now be used to help police officers on the streets and in
their patrol cars to be safer and to solve crimes and to find missing
children more rapidly. State-of-the-art batteries is helping here to
develop an electric car which may well provide an enormous opportunity
for America to become more energy-independent and to dramatically reduce
the pollution of our atmosphere, at a time when we have been reminded
anew that there really is a hole in the ozone layer and there really are
problems with unlimited emissions of CO2.
Our defense reinvestment and conversion initiative will rededicate
$375 million right away to help working people affected by defense
reductions with employment services, job training, and transition
assistance; $150 million of that will go to Government and
employer-sponsored job training programs; $112 million will help members
of the Guard and the Reserves make the transition to civilian life and
to provide severance pay and health benefits to civilians who are
leaving Government employment.
There's also initiative to provide early retirement benefits for
military personnel with 15 years of service or more, to start a new
program to encourage them to put their skills to work in vital areas
like teaching, law enforcement, environmental restoration, and health
care. Under a provision offered by Senator Sam Nunn of Georgia,
any member of the military who is being mustered out with 15 years or
more of service can go to work in law enforcement, for example, and earn
a year of military retirement for every year they were in law
enforcement, so that these people who have committed their lives to the
service of our country and could not reasonably have known that this
reduction would occur and would affect them can still earn their
military retirement by serving their country here at home.
But all the worker training in the world and all the community
assistance in the word will do no good if there are no jobs for those
workers and no businesses for those communities. The private sector is
the engine of lasting economic growth in our system, and therefore, our
plan must help our companies to make these transitions to compete and to
win.
We seek to go beyond the debate of the past in which some thought
Government alone could do everything and others claimed Government could
do nothing. In this area there are two things Government can do to
aid companies like this one: promote dual use research and promote
civilian use of technology that was formerly developed for military
purposes. That is what you have done here. We want to speed and
expand that process all across the United States.
One of the success stories of the cold war was the Defense Advanced
Research Agency, or DARPA. DARPA helped keep America on the cutting edge
of defense research. To meet the new challenges of the new world, we're
giving DARPA a new mission and restoring its old name, because before
1972 that Agency was known simply as the Advanced Research Products
Agency. By going back to that name and refocusing the Agency's efforts
on dual use technologies, such as that which you have demonstrated to me
here today, rather than strictly military applications, we'll be better
able to integrate research to strengthen defense and to promote our
economic security here at home.
Starting now, this Agency, ARPA, will allocate more than $500 million to
technology and industrial programs like the ones we've seen here today.
We'll support industry-led consortia and dual use technologies and
promote efforts to break through with commercial uses of formerly
defense technologies. Programs will be selected on the basis of merit
and will require matching funds from the corporations affected.
Defense Contractor Conversion to Domestic Purpose
Keep in mind, "dual use".
1991 - The Year the World Changed (mid-way down begins the part on defense conversion)
NAFTA Superhighway History (emphasis added)
Mobility 2000
Mobility 2000 was the name of the Dallas-Fort Worth federally mandated, regional transportation study8 that was completed in 1986. Two years later, after a conference attended by various groups involved in road and traffic management, a national special interest group was formed. They named themselves Mobility 2000.9
"In 1988, Mobility 2000 was formed to develop a national program of automated highway technology, which eventually evolved into Intelligent Transportation systems (ITS). Mobility was the organizational precursor to ITS America, of which AASHTO [American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials] was a founding member". 10
"Founded in 1988, Mobility 2000 was an informal assembly of industry, university, and government representatives created to promote the use of advanced technologies to improve highway safety and efficiency. The initiative was formalized in 1991, when the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) was enacted, and the national Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) program was established. A growing sense soon developed in the IVHS community, especially in the public transit arena, that “intelligent vehicle highway systems” did not embrace all the transportation modes addressed in the national IVHS program. In 1994, the national IVHS program was renamed the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), to clarify the multi-modal intent." 1
Note: Vincente Fox's Development Plan
The NAIPN Strategy document implies that the NAIPN plan originated in Mexico and was Fox's plan for Mexican Development however, the ISTEA legislation of 1991 included a provision for "Foreign Outreach" in addition to other language specifically having to do with international border crossings.
International Highway (Title VI - Part A)
Transportation Outreach Program
A new International Highway Transportation Outreach Program will provide for informing the U.S. highway community of foreign transportation innovations, promoting U.S. highway transportation expertise internationally, and increasing the transfers of U.S. highway transportation technology to foreign countries.
The National Highway System Designation Act of 1995, a corrections bill, included the following language pertaining to the Pan-American Highway:
SEC. 359. MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES.
(a) <<NOTE: 23 USC 309 note.>> Pan American Highway.--
(1) Study.--The Secretary shall conduct a study on the
adequacy of and the need for improvements to the Pan American Highway.
(2) Elements.--The study shall include, at a minimum, the following elements:
(A) Findings on the benefits of constructing a
highway at Darien Gap, Panama and Colombia.
(B) Recommendations for a self-financing arrangement
for completion and maintenance of the Pan American
Highway.
(C) Recommendations for establishing a Pan American
highway authority to monitor financing, construction,
maintenance, and operations of the Pan American Highway.
(D) Findings on the benefits to trade and prosperity
of a more efficient Pan American Highway.
(E) Findings on the benefits to United States
industry resulting from the use of United States
technology and equipment in construction of improvements
to the Pan American Highway.
(F) Findings on environmental considerations,
including environmental considerations relating to
Darien Gap.
(3) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to Congress
a report on the results of the study.
In 2006, a conference was held in Laredo
sponsored by the Laredo Chamber of Commerce. One of the
presentations was by a Mexican man named Jaime King Cancino. The
following is the
third slide of his presentation:
My research indicates that the plan was promoted by George W. Blackwood, an attorney and City Council member for Kansas City. Blackwood was the founder of the North American International Trade Partnership (NAITCP). Mayors from all border cities - both sides- were invited to join the organization. Very soon after they were discovered, their organization merged into NASCO and their website was taken down - but not lost. Pages of it were recovered including a plan for the global supply chain transportation system with "goods" shipped from China, entering through Mexican ports and being shipped to the transportation hub in Kansas City and then distributed throughout the United States.
Intermodal Surface Transportation Equity Act of
1991
Extract from the Summary
TITLE VI
Research
This title, covering transportation research, is divided into
three parts:
Part A- Programs, Studies and Activities,
Part B- Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems Act, and
Part C- Advanced Transportation Systems and Electric Vehicles.
PART A - PROGRAMS, STUDIES, AND
ACTIVITIES
Research and Technology
Substantial support is provided for
enhanced research and development and the effective application of
innovative technology to solve highway problems. An important provision
related to this initiative is new authority for collaborative research
and development with other public and private entities, with an average
Federal share up to 50 percent of the activity costs.
The Act provides a total of $108 million to implement the products of
the completed Strategic Highway Research Program and to continue the
Long Term Pavement Performance Program.
To expand technology transfer activities, the Act provides authority to
carry out a transportation assistance program to supply modern
technology to highway and transportation agencies in rural areas and in
urbanized areas of 50,000 to 1,000,000 population. Technology Transfer
centers may be established for this purpose.
A new Applied Research and Technology Program is required to provide
accelerated testing, evaluation, and implementation of technologies
designed to improve the durability, efficiency, environmental impact,
productivity, and safety of highway, transit, and intermodal
transportation systems. Program guidelines from the Secretary are
required within 18 months, and a total of $240
million is authorized with a Federal share of 80 percent.
The Act provides a strong focus on
planning and guidance for the research and development agenda. The
Secretary is to develop an integrated national plan for surface
transportation research and development. Also, a National Council on
Surface Transportation Research, as well as a new Research Advisory
Committee, are created. The Council will study: current surface
transportation
research and technology developments in the United States and abroad;
identify gaps and duplication; and determine research areas which may
increase efficiency, productivity, safety, and durability in the
Nation's surface transportation systems.
The Committee will provide ongoing advice and recommendations to the
Secretary regarding issues with respect to short-term and long-term
surface transportation research and development.
International Highway
Transportation Outreach Program
A new International Highway Transportation Outreach Program will provide
for informing the U.S. highway community of foreign transportation
innovations, promoting U.S. highway transportation expertise
internationally, and increasing the transfers of U.S. highway
transportation technology to foreign countries.
Bureau of Transportation Statistics
A Bureau of Transportation Statistics is created in the DOT to enhance
data collection, analysis, and reporting, and to ensure the most
cost-effective use of transportation monitoring resources. A
total of $90 million is provided over the 6 years of the Act. The Bureau
is to publish a Transportation Statistics Annual Report; the first
report is due January 1, 1994.
National Transit Institute
A National Transit Institute is established to conduct training programs
for all involved in Federal-aid transit work. Funding is $18
million over the 6 years of the authorization.
University Transportation
Centers/Research Institutes
Five new university transportation centers have been added to the
University Transportation Centers (UTC) Program. These centers, as
well as the original 10 UTC's are funded by both the
FHWA and the FTA.
Also, five additional university research institutes are established.
Funding is from the Highway Trust Fund, other than the Mass Transit
Account, and is in the amount of $37.5 million over the 6-year period.
PART B - INTELLIGENT VEHICLE-HIGHWAY
SYSTEMS ACT
An Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS) Program is established,
with approximately $660 million authorized for the 6-year authorization
period.
The Act requires the promotion of compatible standards and protocols to
promote widespread use of IVHS technologies, the establishment of
evaluation guidelines for IVHS operational tests,
and the establishment of an information clearinghouse.
A strategic plan must be submitted to Congress no later than I year
after this Act is effective. The plan must include the goals,
mile-stones, and objectives of the IVHS program.
The Act also requires development of a completely automated highway and
vehicle system which will serve as the prototype for future fully
automated IVHS systems. The goal is to have the first
fully automated roadway or test track in operation by the end of 1997.
An IVHS Corridors program is established to provide for operational
tests under "real world" conditions. Corridors which meet certain
transportation and environmental criteria can participate in developing
and implementing IVHS technologies.
Other provisions relating to IVHS include authority to use advisory
committees for carrying out the IVHS program and the availability of
planning grants to State and local governments for studying the
feasibility for development and implementation of IVHS.
PART C - ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES
A grant program is established for electrical vehicle and advanced
transportation research and development. The grants will be awarded to
at least three consortia that must provide services
including obtaining funding for the acquisition of plant sites,
conversion of plant facilities, and acquisition of equipment for the
development or manufacture of advanced transportation systems
or electric vehicles, or other related systems or equipment, especially
for environmentally benign and cost-effective manufacturing processes.
The non-Federal share of the grants must be at least 50 percent.